Ethical Considerations Project

Ethical Considerations Project Ethical Considerations I believe the ethical considerations in Brownfield v. Daniel Freeman Marina Hospital is for all hospitals to provide all information and access to emergency contraceptives to sexual assault and rape victims. In the defense of Brownfield, emergency contraceptives, Plan B, and oral synthetic hormones is the most common type of emergency contraceptives that should have been disclosed to her upon her request. These contraceptives are often called the â€Å"morning after pill or Plan B†.Some legal considerations are the Principles of Informed Consent. What this principle imposes is it allows a competent individual to advance his or her own welfare. This right and responsibility is performed by freely and willingly consenting or refusing consent to recommended medical procedures, based on a sufficient knowledge of the benefits, burdens, and risks involved. The ability to give informed consent depends on: 1) adequate   disclosur e of information; 2) patient   freedom   of choice; 3) patient   comprehension   of information; and 4) patient capacity for decision-making.By meeting these requirements, three necessary conditions are satisfied: 1) that the individuals decision is voluntary; 2) that this decision is made with an   appropriate   understanding of the circumstances; and 3) that the patients choice is deliberate insofar as the patient has carefully considered all of the expected benefits, burdens, risks  and reasonable alternatives. (â€Å"Ethical issues consent,† 2012) This becomes a matter of a legal issue when the Principles of Informed Consent can be proven in court that the victim was not given such information or allowed to exercise this principle.Supporters of this act argue that emergency contraception is a medically accepted way of preventing pregnancy and does not represent an abortion. A group specifically formed to make sure access to emergency contraception for rape, incest, and domestic violence victims, state that victims of sexual assault should have access to the best available treatment. Other's stressed the importance of giving victims of sexual assault medically, accurate and unbiased information and the choice to prevent an unintended pregnancy.Even though the American Medical Association’s medically accepted standard of care includes administering emergency contraception, only some hospitals unconditionally provide emergency contraception to rape victims. Access to emergency contraception has been a heavily debated issue because there has to be a balance between protecting health care provider’s religious and moral beliefs on one hand, and providing a uniform standard of care and maintaining patient rights on the other.This principle gives an important approach to the analysis of ethical questions arising from the general obligation to preserve human life and the limits of that obligation. Among other questions, the princi ple addresses whether the forgoing of life-sustaining treatment constitutes a physician-assisted suicide in certain circumstances and it guides individuals and surrogate decision-makers in the weighing of benefits and burdens. I truly agreed with the judge in his decision against the Catholic hospital.His decision in ruling the Catholic hospital to be in the wrong simply clarifies and justifies the importance and reasons of a hospital, which is to provide medical services to those in need. Just because it was against the Catholic principles in life, they should have still abided by the Principle of Informed Consent. There are thousands of Catholic churches worldwide in which the Catholic church has their own opportunities to preach and teach their beliefs.However, within a medical facility, I just do not believe in allowing them to preach their beliefs there. It is not the place for it. References Emergency contraception: More than a morning after pill. (1996). Medscape Today News. Retrieved from http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/718161 Ethical issues consent. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. ukcen. net/index. php/ethical_issues/consent/legal_considerations1

Lebron James Desicion

In case you haven't heard, one of the best basketball players on the globe had a one hour special to announce his free agency decision in the summer of 2010. LeBron James went on ESPN on July 8th to tell the basketball world he was taking his talents to south beach to join the Miami Heat. â€Å"The Decision† as it became know, brought LeBron quite a bit of hate not only from fans from Cleveland (the team he was previously on) but from fans all around the league and even some players.The main reason for this is because he was viewed as selfish and egotistical in making a one hour special just to tell people where he was going to play basketball next season. Most people see the surface of the situation but don’t take into account everything that went on outside the publics focus. Even events like this have a lot going on in the background that the sports industry should take a look at. People seem to over look the fact that it wasn’t LeBron’s idea to have th e special, he just went along with it.Like every other superstar athlete or celebrity, LeBron has a managing team that makes most if not all of his media related decisions or appearances. He has a publicist, an agent, a stylist and a business manager. This business managers name is Maverick Cater and he is the one who released this statement to ESPN, â€Å"Due to the unprecedented attention and interest surrounding LeBron’s decision, we have decided to make this announcement on national television†. LeBron saw this as an opportunity to raise money for the Boys ; Girls Club of America, a foundation he has been very publicly supportive of.His marketing team saw this as an opportunity to sell LeBron â€Å"The Icon† because popularity for him meant â€Å"cha-ching† for them. ESPN went along with it because LeBron is a huge star and they were interested in boosting ratings. â€Å"The Decision†, ratings wise was a huge success for ESPN. According to prel iminary number from Nielsen co, in the nations 56 biggest television markets, about 8 million homes turned on the program. It was estimated that 12-14 million people were watching when LeBron made his infamous choice. That is a record for a non-sporting event.The popularity of the interview brought a revamped fan base for the NBA. Fans tuned in to see how he would fair with his new team, some wishing him success but most rooting for him to fail. Above all else people watched to see the show put on by the latest NBA team to acquire 3 star athletes. One of the statutes’ LeBron had when agreeing to the televised interview was that he would be allowed to sell the advertising and the profits would go the Boys ; Girls Club of America. The program drew big ticket companies like McDonalds, The University of Phoenix, Bing and Vitamin Water for sponsorships.Together they raised over 3 million dollars. LeBron grew up in the inner city and was from a very poor family. He knows first hand what it’s like to be a kid that doesn’t have access to opportunities for recreation. The money was divided between fifty nine Boys and Girls clubs across the country. $60,000 went to a club just outside of Cleveland to repair a leaky roof, refurbish a dingy gymnasium and a new playground. Another club in the area received $70,000 which was used to install a new gym floor and purchase bleachers and twenty new computers.LeBron might have pist off a few of his older fans but he defiantly gained supports from the kids. Some of the uproar after â€Å"The Decision† has to be created to the mismanagement of the broadcasting. Most people saw problems with the fact that the special was an hour long for a decision that should take about two seconds to say on TV. ESPN went along with it however, and promised the viewers would know his decision within fifteen minutes of the start of the broadcast. In reality the words â€Å"Miami Heat† didn’t leave his mouth until thirty minutes into it.If that wasn’t enough to agitate the audience, the first half hour of the show was made up of Jim Gray, the interviewer, asking more than a dozen soft ball questions that were more like watching chitchat than compelling television. Combine the agitating half hour wait with the disappointment of LeBron’s perceived â€Å"easy way out† decision is enough to have most fans changing the channel in frustration immediately hearing the verdict. From LeBron’s point of view, besides the back lash from his televised free agent decision, he made the best carrier choice.Cleveland had showed repeatedly that they weren’t capable of surrounding him with enough talent to win a championship. Why not sign with a clearly better team that happened to have your best friend in the league on it in Dwayne Wade. He did have to take a 30 million dollar pay cut to join The Heat but hey, what’s 30 million to LeBron James. As we know now, in the end it worked out for the better. Dwyer, Kelly. â€Å"Lebron's Decision was awful but his carities are thankful. † Yahoo Sports. Yahoo, 27 Apr 2011. Web. 6 Mar 2013. ;http://sports. yahoo. com/nba/blog/ball_dont_lie/post/lebrons-decision-was-awful-but-his-charities-are-thankful? rn=nba,wp2143;. Gregory, Sean. â€Å"The LeBron James Hour: Is This Prime-Time Overkill? Read more: http://www. time. com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2002477,00. html Flint, Joe. â€Å"ESPN's ‘The Decision' scores but leaves questions in its aftermath. † Los Angeles Times. LA Times, 09 Jul 2010. Web. 6 Mar 2013. . Broussard, Chris. â€Å"LeBron's announcement coming soon. † ESPN NBA. ESPN, 08 Jul 2010. Web. 6 Mar 2013. .

Over consumption has different effects on earth Essay

Over consumption has different effects on earth - Essay Example Another effect of overconsumption on earth is displacement and migration of living things from their normal places of living. Overconsumption leads to climate changes that make it necessary for living things to move from these places in search of more comfortable places. Human beings are the most affected with poor populations and those with low incomes being the most exposed. Consequently, the rate of economic development among these people is greatly reduced (Cohen-Kiener 2009, p122). Overconsumption has negative effects on factory workers as they try to meet the high demand for goods. Manufacturing companies have to meet the required quality and quantity of goods they produce otherwise they will be outcompeted by their rivals. This pressure is passed on to workers who are forced to work for long hours and in some situations under dangerous environments. Accidents in factories have also increased due to increased complexities in production processes thus posing another risk to factory workers. This has led to increased friction between employers and employees as employees seek safer working environments (Cohen-Kiener 2009,

For and Against the Irrelevance of Dividend Policy Essay

For and Against the Irrelevance of Dividend Policy - Essay Example When earnings are dispensed as dividends, the company is deprived of funds which are needed for augmentation and development, and this might result in the company looking for supplementary capital from external sources. Firms are not legally required to pay dividends to stockholders. Similarly, the stockholders cannot officially compel the Board of Directors to declare dividends. In addition to that, even courts cannot meddle in this affair (Kapil, 2011). Arguments For Dividend Irrelevance In the year 1961, two senior professors, Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller (M&M) stated that a firm’s value has no correlation with its dividend policy. According to them, the market value of a company is decided only by the actions pertaining to investment and operations that result in cash flows. The structure of capital and policies related to dividends are simply financing actions or in other words, purely the ways in which cash flows from operations are allocated among the investors. Modigliani and Miller were awarded Nobel Prizes for this exclusive effort concerning Accounting and Financing. The M&M proposal gave birth to scholarly analysis in the field of finance and accounting. Since their attempt, numerous researchers in economics, finance and accounting have come up with various models and theories to explain the irrelevance and relevance of dividends to the market value of the company. Besides the M&M Theory proponents known as Middle of the Roaders; there exist Rightist and Radical Left groups with their own viewpoints (Brealey, 2007). Residual Theory states that if a company is not capable of investing further to earn in surplus of its capital expenditure, then it should apportion the earnings among the stockholders. Over the years, the evolution of M&M Theory has propagated the notion that a company’s dividend policy is irrelevant to its market value. The major argument stated by the M&M theorists is that the investment strategy is the most impor tant determinant of a company’s market value, while the division between the dividends and the reinvestments does not have an effect on this value. However, this explicit suggestion has been made under certain assumptions (Baker et al, 2005). These assumptions largely entail capital markets which are perfect with no taxes and a steady interest rate in the market with limitless borrowing. The clients or potential investors who come with money are varied in terms of preferences for low disbursement and high disbursement demand for dividends. The proponents of dividend irrelevance emphasize on this point, elucidating that policy changes with regard to high or low disbursements of dividends, affects the clientele or the investors that the company will influence, not its value. Though research illustrates that major alterations in dividends somehow affect stockholder prices. However, the response of the proponents of dividend irrelevance is that the influence on the prices is asso ciated with the informational substance of dividends in relation to potential earnings instead of the dividend itself. It is the inclination in the preferences of the investors that results in modifications of prices. Another argument in the support of dividend irrelevance is the fact that most investors are little affected whether or not dividends are paid as they know that if dividends are not paid, then the earnings are reinvested which ultimately

Integrated Marketing Communications Assignment 2

Integrated Marketing Communications 2 - Assignment Example First class passengers are served breakfast along with afternoon and evening meals. There is an onboard shop serving a range of alcoholic, cold and hot beverages. The train service has been identified in various industry awards. In the year 2010, it was awarded as Year’s Best Rail Operator at Travel Globe Awards. It is also known as one of the most preferred domestic passenger service in the United Kingdom. The trains are known to be environmental friendly as their carbon dioxide emission is 78% less than average domestic flights and 76 % less than cars (Virgin Trains, 2013b). Integrated Marketing communication Integrated marketing communication has become as a major phenomenon since early 1990s. Corporate and marketing communications are few of the critical persuasive factors used by organizations for market connection (Constantinides, 2006). The objective is to deliver certain perception of products, services and brands to consumers, customers and stakeholders. As a result o f the increasing variety of promotional and communication tools, modern day channels are able to disseminate messages in wide forms. According to Kliatchko (2008), â€Å"integrated marketing communication is audience-driven business process of strategically managing stakeholders, content, channels, and results of brand communication programs.† Marketing communication planning or mix can be characterized in the form of its communication strategies in the market. The various ways through which an organization communicates to its market are advertising, sales promotions, personal selling, direct marketing and public relations (Gronroos, 1994; Ferdous, 2008). Advertising Advertising can be described as a non-personal strategy for mass communication offering great level of command for people responsible for design, manufacturing and delivering of advertising messages (Fill, 2006). This message is transmitted in a particular style and manner which best suits the customer as well as management’s requirements. Regular usage of advertising is critical for creation and maintenance of brand personality, especially when it is integrated with other elements of the mix. It is a dominant form of advertising communication for many firms (Panda, 2003). In any case, advertising needs a carrier so that message can be delivered to the desired receiver (Pelsmacker, 2001). Sales promotions Sales promotion is used for delivering the action plans. Sales promotion and advertising harmonize each other as promotion is short term to generate sales and advertising is for long term awareness and relationship building. Sales promotion is also a non-personal form of marketing communication targeting a smaller audience. The techniques include offering better offers and adding value with the objective of future sales. Various presentation kits such as, catalogues, selling aids and brochures, are used for sales staff. Financial mechanisms such as, promotional pricing and incentive s, are used as a push strategy by companies (Young and Aitken, 2007). Public relations Public relations can describe as relationship management between an organization and its various stakeholders. It is an attempt to establish and preserve shared understanding, good relationships and goodwill with the secondary targets,

What is GDP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is GDP - Essay Example So, it is very essential to have a GDP for a country calculated over a definite time period. In order to further explain the definition, I will take the example of Qatar. The GDP of Qatar is the total value of output of goods and services produced within Qatar over a period of time. The definition of GDP includes all the production done by local residents and resources owned by the residents of Qatar and also by foreigners and foreign resources owned by non-residents of Qatar. GDP can be measure by three methods and each method should give the same answer. It can be calculated by the output method. In this method, the value of total output produced in Qatar is its GDP. It can also be calculated by the income method. Since selling of output results in income for sellers, therefore in this method GDP is calculated by adding up the income of all people working in Qatar. Similarly, the GDP of Qatar can also be calculated by using the expenditure method. Since, income for one person is ex penditure for others, in this method the GDP is calculated by adding up all the expenditures spent on Qatar's production. It is often considered by people that sole GDP figures are enough for telling the economic well-being of a country. For example, the people who say this base their claim on the fact that any changes or increase in the GDP is signal of improvement in economic well-being. ... studied alone without any supporting data, one cannot predict whether the country is enjoying economic wellness or it is facing low standard of living. There are a number of reasons why we cannot rely solely on the GDP figures and need comprehensive sets of data to determine the economic wellness of the country. Suppose that a GDP of country increases by 20%/ Many people will say that the country will now enjoy great economic well being or its residents will be better-off. However, this is not true. In order to determine the net of economic wellness, we need to take into account the population growth rate as well. If population growth rate is 25%, then we can clearly conclude that people will be worse-off by this increase and there will be a net-decline in the standard of living of people living in this country. So, it is not GDP that matter, but it is the real GDP that tells us about the economic wellness of a country. Real GDP takes into account the population and it is the measure which tells us about the economic wellness of a country. Similarly, what if an increase in GDP is because of the increase in inflation. Inflation increases the price of everything and because of this the value of GDP increases. This type of increase in the value of GDP because of inflation is also not very good as economic wellness and people's standard of living is directly related to the physical quantity of goods being produced and not the quantity. So, we need to taking into account the inflation factor also and adjust the nominal GDP with inflation factor to arrive at the real GDP and only this way we can tell whether or not the country is enjoying economic wellbeing or not. A good way to counter this problem is calculating per capita income. Per Capita income is calculated by diving

Macro Economic Policies Adopted by the Bank of England Essay

Macro Economic Policies Adopted by the Bank of England - Essay Example Government regulates many things in an economy including inflation, exports and imports, prices of many vital commodities, and many important economic aspects. Government of England has entrusted the job of determining the monetary policy, in the hands of Bank of England. Bank of England looks into many other big issues. One of the most important issues is that of ensuring monetary stability in the economy, which can be achieved through a combination of stable prices of goods and services across the economy coupled with a low inflation level and level of confidence of the investors in the currency of the country. The Bank comes out with the monetary policy in order to ensure a certain key objectives like, delivering price stability with a low inflation level coupled with an objective to support the Government's economic objectives of growth and employment. Price stability is taken care of, by the Government's usual inflation target of 2%. There is a need to contemplate the crucial and critical role played by price stability in achieving the aforesaid economic stability, and in providing just the right conditions for a sustainable and longe r living growth in output and employment. Chancellor of the Exchequer announces the Government's inflation target every year in the annual Budget statement. Though The 1998 Bank of England Act enables it to set interest rates independently, however, The Bank does hold accountability to the parliament and the wider public, which cannot be refrained from. The legislation provides the government the power to instruct the bank on the interest rates issues for a limited period of time during emergency, for the sake of national interests. (How Monetary Policy Works) The Bank of England has a monetary policy and it uses the same to regulate mechanism of the economy. Like when it decides to change the interest rate, the government is trying to check the overall expenditure of the economy. A change in interest rates is mostly used to contain inflation, which is the result of lavish expenditure by the country. The bank sets a fixed interest rate at which it lends money to financial institutions and depending on this interest rate, individual banks and other financial institutions set up their own interest rates, which apply to the whole economy. This step is of indispensable importance to the economy, as this is very widely used to contain inflation. The only purpose behind such a step is just to contain undue inflationary levels prevailing in an economy. The point to be noted here is that, this interest rate set by the Bank of England is so effective and powerful that it chips in greatly to regulate the whole economy. It affects the stock and bond prices and also influences the asset prices throughout the country. This interest rate also regulated the savings in an economy, which eventually results in capital formation and reinvestment. It is note that when interest rates are high, people prefer to invest money in government deposits that are less risky in nature than the stock markets and similarly high interest rates boost up the savings. Lower interest rates make asset and real estate prices go up, as

A Comment On A Commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Comment On A Commitment - Essay Example A Comment On A Commitment With such extensive environmental conservation programs, the college’s president must therefore take part in the forthcoming climate commitment. Diablo Valley College will sign the commitment owing to the environmental management skills the college is likely to acquire from such as discussed in the essay below. Participating in the commitment will help position the college as an integral member of the society joining in the fight to eradicate environmental pollution thereby making the environment safer and better. At such conferences, delegates learn newer and better ways of eradicating environmental degradation besides the presentation of the projects the colleges undertake in eliminating such. The commitments present an effective opportunity for the students’ president to present the college’s green projects all of which have sought to improve the sustainability of the environment (Schlossberg 121). Global warming is a topic of global concern. The emission of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere has contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer, which is a layer of oxygen molecules that cushion the earth from the harsh rays of the sun. The depletion of the layer leaves the earth surface vulnerable to increased temperatures among other undesirable diseases as harsh rays of the sun penetrate the atmosphere. Effects of global warming include climatic change and the rising water levels as the glaciers continue to melt. Such natural phenomenon has diverse effects ranging from unique skin diseases to the rising incidences of typhoons among other natural calamities. The depletion of the ozone layer threatens both the stability of the earth and the life in the planet. It thus becomes a prerogative of the citizens to curb the emission of such harmful gases by engaging in responsive activities. Among the contributors of the gases is the use of fossil fuels such as petroleum products in propelling cars among other machines. At such environmental commitments, the leaders discuss the efforts by both the students’ fraternity and the government in order to limit the emission of such gases (Reza 31). As policy makers, stude nt leaders are influential members of the society responsible for the activities and behavior of the students while at the colleges. The leaders therefore act as the bridge between the students and the leadership of the universities. As such, their participation in the environmental commitment is paramount, as it will facilitate the spread of the message to the students thus improving their appreciation of the various projects at the universities and colleges. The Diablo Valley College just as any other institution of higher learning has hundreds of students all of who require transportation and use various substances in the society that may equally contribute to the emission of the toxic gases. They therefore require appropriate knowledge on environmental management in order to improve the desirable environmental practices. To achieve such, the college has undertaken various projects that promise such effective and desirable environmental practices (Karen and Ricardo 55). By partic ipating in the forthcoming commitment, the students, leadership will learn newer and better management practices in order to improve the success of such projects. The success of the said projects relies on the students’

The Japanese ceramic Essay Example for Free

The Japanese ceramic Essay The Japanese ceramic bowls in LACMA’s permanent collection show a clear difference between the pre-1650 stoneware pieces and the slightly later porcelain items. While the stoneware works are more abstract and coarser-looking, generally giving the appearance of folk objects, the porcelain bowls have a delicate, refined appearance indicating their manufacture for the social elites and suggesting their more decorative uses. The oldest bowl, dubbed â€Å"Dish with the Character for ‘Spirit’,† dates from circa 1580 and is a stoneware piece in earth tones, with beige, brown, and white glaze with black calligraphy a design vaguely reminiscent of sun rays. The different sections are drawn somewhat unevenly, attesting to somewhat rough craftsmanship and suggesting that this piece was made for common people. A similar piece, dating from 1578, has a somewhat squared-off rim with blossoms and stripes radiating from the center. Its glaze is also earth-toned and it features a somewhat cryptic design in the center, and the somewhat uneven hand-applied application suggests non-elite workmanship and usage. Another, slightly later stoneware piece (from the early seventeenth century) is a wide, shallow bowl, also with an uneven mouth and abstract design inside. The porcelain pieces, by contrast, reveal much greater detail and refinement. The oldest, named â€Å"Dish with Paulownia Snowflake Design† and dating from the late seventeenth century, is rounder and more symmetrical than the stoneware dishes, and features two multicolored, elaborate snowflake designs (a smaller one in blue and a larger red, green, and blue one that extends off the surface of the vessel). Another contemporary dish has a painting of intricately-decorated blue and white jars against a grayish background; it is similarly symmetrical in shape. The final one, dating from 1830-43, is perhaps the most detailed, showing a map of several islands (one of which dominates the picture) within a sea, whose waves are stylized semi-circles. All feature such close, intricate detail that while they are intended as useful objects, they appear as much decorative as practical and they seem to have been created with more artistic attention (and possibly with more sophisticated manufacturing techniques). The stoneware bowls appear to be functional vernacular objects, given their somewhat rough-hewn appearance. Compared to the porcelain bowls, which appear more decorative and intricately designed, the older pieces appear more practical because of their roughness; one would not be as likely to damage the stoneware bowls or spoil their appearances with stains (which earth-tone glaze would help conceal). The porcelain dishes appear more decorative and, perhaps, less likely to be used for everyday consumption. The stoneware bowls evoke no deep feeling because they are not holy objects and do not include evocative depictions of anything. Instead, they serve as examples of what ordinary Japanese used for routine food consumption. The porcelain items were likely elite objects, since Japan’s ruling classes tended to prefer porcelain, which, according to the museum website, was generally not sold commercially. The stoneware dishes were likely made for and owned by commoners, given their less refined craftsmanship and use of heavy clay rather than delicate porcelain. The latter ones show more of an artist’s hand. The works relate to each other by illustrating what kinds of bowls Japan’s different classes used. The porcelain bowl is an example of elite tastes, while cruder-looking ceramic bowls were more readily available to the population, illustrating the gaps in aesthetic value between objects meant for commoners (who put their through more practical use) and those meant for elites (who could afford to own them for decorative reasons alone). â€Å"LACMA Collections Online. † LACMA: Los Angeles County Museum of Art. 2006. http://collectionsonline. lacma. org/mwebcgi/mweb. exe? request=jump;dtype=i;startat=13.

Regency Plazza Essay Example for Free

Regency Plazza Essay 2.1. Post-teaching Assignment: Group Project Students will be allocated to groups with 6 to 7 students per group. Each group is required to submit a detailed written report on the Regency Plaza case study. 70% of the Assignment2 overall mark is allocated to the written report on the Regency Plaza case study. Case Synopsis: Designed to examine the process of project management during the development cycle of a luxury condominium building for the Regency Plaza group, this case explores the issue of how the design, development strategy, project organization, and project personnel are interrelated. More specifically, it looks at how these factors shape the day-to-day operations of a development and how they affect the formal and informal mechanisms that a project  manager has at his or her disposal. Case Assignment Questions: 1. Evaluate the project definition phase of the Regency Plaza project. How do the problems that emerged during the project relate to how the project definition phase was managed? Dilanka 2. Evaluate the role of the project manager (Kris Hodgkins) in the case. What skills do you think are required to be the project manager for the Regency Condominium Development Project? How well do you think that Kris Hodgkins meets these skill requirements? Do you think Kris Hodgkins was a good project manager? Janaka 3. Evaluate how well risk was managed in the Regency Plaza project. You should use the four stage Risk Management framework from the module in answering this question. Dinidu 4. Given the situation that Kris Hodgkins finds herself with the Millers at the end of the case, evaluate all of the options available to her and recommend the course of action your group thinks she should take? Anusari Each and every question should include †¢ Theoretical background †¢ Application of theory †¢ Findings †¢ Analyze findings First read the case and prepare rough note. I’ll inform you the word count later for each and every part. Guidelines for the written assignment: †¢ The report should contain a minimum of 2500 and a maximum of 3000 words. The word count is from the start of the Executive Summary to the end of the Conclusions sections and does not include the cover page, references and appendices. †¢ The required format for the layout of the report is as follows: o Cover page as per UCD specifications.   Executive Summary †¢ In a single paragraph, summarize the contents of the entire report. This should written last when the rest of the report is completed, so that you know what you are summarizing. Hasitha/ Sachintha o Introduction to the selected project †¢ Briefly give an introduction to the project you have chosen to analyze. †¢ Outline your plan to analyze the project, i.e. what topics you will use and the elements of theory or frameworks within those topics you will apply to the project. Hasitha/ Sachintha o Analysis of the Project †¢ Using the theory in the module topics, analyze the project. †¢ You should not spend too many words describing the theory you use (referencing it is sufficient), but devote most of the effort to applying the theory to the information you have obtained about the project. o Discussion and Conclusions †¢ In this section, you discuss your findings and explain why the project can be deemed a success or failure – what worked well and why, what didn’t work and why, and what your group would have done differently if you were the project manager. †¢ Identify the key learning points in the project and what your group learned from undertaking the assignment. All   References †¢ All third party material used in the report must be listed here using a formal referencing system such as the Harvard system. These must be correctly cited where used in the body of the report. †¢ This assignment will enable students to identify the challenges of Project Management in the global business environment, and to develop the following skills: teamwork due to the group nature of the task, written communication, and research skills from gathering information from multiple sources about their chosen case study. †¢ As this is a group assignment, all members of the group will receive the same mark for the written submission of the project. However, all members are also required to state clearly their contribution to the group project at the end of the document. †¢ This Assignment must be submitted to your Programme Manager in hard copy and via Blackboard. See the deadline in table 2B. Please read the Grade Descriptors in the Main Assignment Grade Descript or table.

Changes After Altered State of Consciousness

Changes After Altered State of Consciousness Discuss ways in which people can be transformed after experiencing an altered state of consciousness. Within this essay the subject matter of a personal transformation after experiencing what is classed or deemed as an Altered State of Consciousness or A.S.C. this term is commonly known in philosophy and certain medial fields will be discussed further in the body of the essay. After experiencing an altered state of consciousness individual lives have changed either in a positive or negative direction. However their personalities and characteristics radically altered afterwards and the resultant new lifestyle has shaped them to date. To achieve these objectives, various research cases, historical records; and eyewitness accounts will be explored and deliberated upon to complete the parameters of this essay. With the experimentation in the use of psychotropic drugs for example Ecstasy, Benzodiazepines, Methadone, Amphetamines and Cocaine such usage can bring about various altered states of consciousness. As well as the known euphoria other transformational effect can be those of mental health issues and of addiction. During the 1960s or psychedelic era many musicians and bands took to using LSD to cope with not only the long hours of touring but to be inspired by the visions and effects LSD had on them. Their imagery, and style of music radically changed over the period of this decade and it was mostly down to the influence of these substances use. Founding member of the band Fleetwood Mac Peter Green had been a user of the drug called Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, which is better known as LSD or Acid. On January the 26th 1977 Green was sent to prison, for threatening his accountant with a shotgun which he had smuggled from Canada but due to failing the psychiatrist test he was institutionalised rather than incarcerated. (Swanson, January 26th 2016) Fleetwood Mac guitarist Jeremy Spencer spoke about an Incident just before Peter Green was about to leave the band. While in Munich Peter Green hung out with what the band members called the German Jet Set Spencer described the setup as a kind of hippie commune he went on to describe. We arrived there, and [road manager] Dennis Keane comes up to me shaking and says, Its so weird, dont go down there. Pete is weirding out big time and the vibes are just horrible.' (Swanson, January 26th 2016) When Peter Green left the band in 1970 he still continued to take LSD, his use of the mind altering substance made his behaviour more and more erratic. Wanting no part in his former success and selling all his guitars he began to hear voices telling him to do nasty things he. He began, according to his brother Len Green, taking odd jobs like becoming a gravedigger. It was during this period of his life he was committed to various psychiatric hospitals receiving electroconvulsive therapy or shock therapy. Due to the royalty cheques Peter Green was continually receiving and him not wanting them; this brought about him going to his accountant. After his imprisonment and commitment to a mental institution he was put under heavy sedation he was diagnosed with schizophrenia and in time he was released to the care of his brothers family where he convalesced. (Swanson, 2016) The most noted of the bands and composers that had a transformation through LSD was the late John Lennon from the Beatles. In her book John by Cynthia Lennon she writes about his and her usage of the drug. She reflects that initially Johns use of LSD did not have a massive impact on his musical career, as his drug-taking took place outside of concerts and recording sessions. However Cynthia explains that over time his song writing to became influenced and not just Johns but Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr (Lennon, 2006 p243) During a party that they attended Cynthia was given LSD unaware of the effect was terrifying the second time under pressure by John since his usage was putting a strain on his and Cynthias marriage (Lennon, 2006 p 245). She talks about seeing her face turning into a skull and her Terry Doran who was a friend of Brian Epstein transform into a snake then alligator (Lennon, 2006 p245). These altered states resolved Cynthia to never try the drug again. John was not the only member to partake of the drug, in the biography John Lennon. The Life by Philip Norman Paul McCartney had never shared an experience or trip as it is known within the drug culture, with John and on the first occasion Paul saw John as a king, the absolute Emperor of Eternity in control of it all. (Norman, 2009 p492). Throughout history there has been countless of people that through having a spiritual emergence have had their lives radically transformed. Regardless of religious context, there are certain similarities to those experiencing these transformations. Two of which will be discussed. Firstly around 1412, 1413 Joan of Arc was born to a peasant family in Domremy, France. At the age of thirteen she first started hearing voices in the fields near her hometown in Domremy; and within a few years she was hearing them at least seven times a day. She came to recognize them as Saint Catherine, Saint Margaret, and Saint Michael; it was these voices that told her to aid the Dauphin, Charles VII in the battle against the English and Burgundy and see him crowned as the King which she obeyed although against her parents desire to see her married. At first she was met with mockery and mistrust but out of desperation the Dauphin gave her a contingent of troops, under the command of the voices she came across the French battling the English and after rallying the troops she broke the siege of Orleans where upon she was known as the Maid of Orleans. Joan continued to obey the voices and she saw Charles VII crowned. However during the Battle of Compiegne, Joan was captured by John of Luxembourg. Joan was capture and subsequent trail in which she was deliberately discredited because of fears of turning her into a martyr. The trail itself was more political than lawful; she was sentenced to death on May 30, 1431. She was to be burned at the stake as a sorceress and heretic after she renounced the voices but her in her last act she called on the name of Jesus and that she never had meant renouncing the voices. Irregardless of her fate Joan travelled far, but she might have gone nowhere but for the voices. Her voices changed her life forever and her story is known by many by many to this day. (Wilson-smith, 2006. p3) A further example of in spiritual transformation can be found within the New Testament the first recorded mention of Saul from Tarsus or as it is known now by today as Turkey is in the book of Acts 7:58. He is a witness to the stoning of Saint Stephen. Saul was a zealot persecutor of the new Christian movement; he sought and obtained permission from the Jewish High Priests to capture and imprison more Christians. After receiving the documentation and permission he travelled to Damascus and it was along the Damascus road that Saul encountered a bright light and heard the voice of Christ which spoke to him. He fell to his knees blinded and was led to Damascus and there was baptised, once he was baptised Paul as then he became known as from the thirteenth chapter of the book of Acts travelled to Arabia to reflect his new calling by God. He returned to Damascus where he witnessed to the holiness Jesus Christ, having no instruction other than the words of God within his heart he spoke openly about Christ as the Saviour, to a point where his own life came under threat. He continued to do so until his beheading in Rome circa AD64. In his life time Paul wrote letters to the various churches which became the Epistles of the New Testament and changed the very landscape of the Christian faith, welcoming in non Jews into the Christian faith where before the ideology of becoming first Jewish and to follow the Mosaic Laws was considered the only way to become Christian. Paul became known as the Apostle of the Gentiles due to his persuasion and passion for this not to be so. (Emmons, 2017) Although spiritual transformation can be seen like the next subject matter that of NDEs can have similar characteristics but obviously the difference being that majority of spiritual transformations are not necessarily based on life ending traumas. It has been researched in quite some depth that there are various transformations that can take place in the lives of those who experience a Near Death Experience or NDE. The various effects of these range from a lack of fear of death, to becoming more loving and compassionate and the change of spirituality. In Dr Penny Sartoris book (2014) The Wisdom of Near-Death Experiences. This transformation effect after experiencing a life changing crisis is explained in the interviews and documentation. In one case that Dr Sartori researched she interviewed a lady called Marie-Claire who had developed meningitis prior to her NDE and was admitted to hospital where she stayed for a month. As her condition worsened i.e. becoming sensitive to bright lights and that her head was under intense pressure. She felt herself falling through a dark tunnel at incredible speeds she reached a place of golden light where her family friends her former patients from her time nursing and even her family pets where waiting for her. A voice, which came into my head, asked me if I wanted to remain with them or return back to where Id come from. Marie-Claire replied that she had to return upon when she was pulled back by what she described as a silver cord. As Marie-Claire was woken by the doctors and nurses that were attending to her she found herself in immense pain. Asking why they didnt leave her alone she was shocked by their response that she had died. Since I died I became a spiritualist and Im not afraid to die; I know for certain, this life is one of many. (Sartori, 2014 p.32) A further example taken from Dr Sartoris book, Pam Williams who lives in Swansea shared her experience of her NDE after Haemorrhaging from giving birth to her daughter. She saw the doctor who had came in his car, run up the garden path throwing his jacket and rolling up his sleeves. He proceeded to examine her, on reflection Pam realised that this would have been impossible due to the severity of her condition. He appeared to be trying to pull something out. He then banged on the chest and inserted a needle into my heart. He breathed into my mouth While the doctor saw to her medical needs to save Pams life, Pam described herself feeling fine warm, happy, full of joy, peaceful, gently floating towards a brilliant light. It wasnt until her eldest daughter called to her that she returned to her body. When she went for her postnatal appointment some six weeks later she described in great detail all that had transpired during the birth of her daughter much to the astonishment of her doctor. (Sartori, 2014 p.32) Since her NDE Pam Williams life changed. She described herself as an uneducated miners wife of four young children but in the next six years that followed since her NDE she returned to education where she qualified to become a nursery nurse, a RNMS and Staff Nurse RGN. Within four years following became a Sister on the Coronary-Care Unit in Sheffield; because of lack of fear of dying she continued to explore aspects of near death to where she became a Lecturer in Nursing and Palliative Care. I truly believe that had I not experienced near death, I would not of striven to explore death issues and would probably have remained content not to return to education. (Sartori, 2014 p.30) There are vast accounts of personal life changes after experiencing an altered state these are just a few recorded cases. Not all altered states have been positive and consequently have been detrimental to the individual Peter Green as it has been discussed was diagnosed with schizophrenia and John Lennon suffered with depression which in both cases may have been contributed to substance abuse. However on a more positive note those who lives have been altered either by an altered state derived from trauma or a spiritual encounter has in turn altered the lives of countless others from religious teachings to community volunteer work, the majority of NDE transformations are summed up perfectly by Marie-Claire I know for certain, this life is one of many. (Sartori, 2014 p.32) Referencing Swanson , D.S. (January 26th 2016). The Day Fleetwood Mac Founder Peter Green Was Arrested for Pulling a Shotgun on His Accountant . Retrieved 17 December, 2016, from http://ultimateclassicrock.com In-text citation: (Swanson , January 26th 2016) Lennon , C. (2006 ). John . : London . In-text citation: (Lennon , 2006 ) Norman, P. (2009). John Lennon The Life. London: Harper. In-text citation: (Norman, 2009) Wilson-smith, T. (2006). Joan of Arc: maid, myth and history. Stroud: Sutton. In-text citation: (Wilson-smith, 2006) Emmons, D.D. (2017). Our Sunday Visitor Catholic Publishing Company . Retrieved 11 January, 2017, from https://www.osv.com/OSVNewsweekly/Story/TabId/2672/ArtMID/13567/ArticleID/16755/From-persecutor-to-Christian-The-conversion-of-St-Paul.aspx In-text citation: (Emmons, 2017) Sartori, P. (2014). Wisdom of near death experiences: how understanding NDEs can help us to live more fully. London: Watkins Publishing. In-text citation: (Sartori, 2014)

Planning Patient Care Essay -- Nursing Essays

Introduction: According to The Department of Health (2009) care planning is essentially about addressing an individual’s full range of needs. It takes into account their personal, social, economic, educational, cultural and mental health needs. After initially discussing this assignment with John (patient) and the Clinical Nurse Manager both parties agreed that the author could proceed. All information will be kept confidential and no names will appear on this assignment that could be traced back to the client or hospital. As a student nurse this will comply with the guidelines set out by An Bord Altranais (2009). All nurses should be able to account for the care they give, why they give the care and also an evaluation of the care they have given. Barett et al (2009) maintain that this is a core part of care planning.The Department of Health and Children (2001) has shown its commitment to organising care plans and the importance of them as was evident in the 'Primary Care A new Direction' health strategy.This identified the importance of discharge planning and and the development of individualised care plans following discharge. This assignment will cover a full assessment of a person whose care the author has managed in the clinical setting. Based on this assessment the author will compile a care plan focusing on two key nursing diagnoses derived from the nursing assessment. The author will list all nursing diagnosis related to this patient and give a rationale for each. John Reynolds is a 56 year old gentleman admitted to the ward through the emergency department. He fell off a ladder at home whilst cleaning his chimney. He fell approximately 8-10 feet onto concrete. He had sudden pain to his left leg and this remained the... ...tein, G. and Stubhaug, A. (2008). Assessment of pain. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 101 (1), pp 17-24. Gulanick, M. and Myres, J. L. (2007) Nursing Care Plans. Nursing diagnosis and interventions (6th Edition). London: Mosby Elsvier. Pudner, R. (2000) Nursing the Surgical Patient. Edinburgh: Bailiere Tindall. Schatzker, J. and Tile, M. (2005) The Rationale of Operative Fracture Care (3rd Edition).New York: Springer. Manley, K. and Bellman, L. (2000) Surgical Nursing. Advance practice. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Ackley, B. J. and Ladwig, G. B. (2010) Nursing Diagnosis Handbook. An evidence based guide to planning care (9th Edition). Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. An Bord Altranais (2007) Guidance to Nurses and Midwives on Medication Management. (http://www.nursingboard.ie/en/policies-guidelines.aspx) (accessed 15th October, 2011) (Internet).

Disability and the Theatrical Event :: College Admissions Essays

Disability and the Theatrical Event    When I was 10, I was hit by a car. Actually, I was 9 years old, got hit by the car and turned 10 in hospital.    I was walking home with my friends after school. It all happened in the blink of an eye. Someone was driving. Someone didn't look. Someone was careful but not careful enough. They ran. I waited. Not in the right place. And I was hit. Just like that. A piece of glass from the headlight pierced my skull and entered my brain. My brain was damaged. They call it ABI. Aquired Brain Injury. I was meant to die.    My fist did come down from my chin. I learnt relaxation processes by living and practicing Yoga in an Ashram. Yoga also helped me learn to walk with a reduced limp. I toned and strengthened my body through Yogic practice. I recommend Yoga to anyone who wants to work with his or her body. And I discovered theatre.    In the theatre I was magical. I could create a world where I was good enough. Moving my body to music was empowering. And when I feel empowered, disability and difference do not matter.    I become one with the music. I transcend to a plane of just . . . being. In drama my difference doesn't have to matter. But -- if I want it to matter -- my difference is treasured. I can use my difference to my advantage to say something to the world. I decided to help others through counseling work and began a Social Work degree at the University of South Australia. I graduated from my social work degree in 2000.    I have finally realized that only by celebrating disability and difference -- -- only by making our disability visible -- can we get out of the trap. We reconstruct ourselves through theatre and make choices. We create new opportunities. We turn the situation around.

The Government”s Taking of Private Property

The Constitution of the United States is based primarily on the ideas of the 17th Century English philosopher John Locke. Locke thought that everyone had natural rights, which included life, liberty, and property. Locke stated â€Å"the great and chief end, therefore, of men†s uniting into commonwealths, and putting themselves under government, is the preservation of property† (Locke/ McClaughry 3). He thought that if any of these rights were violated that the violator should make restitution. The Takings Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution states â€Å"Nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. When the government needs a citizen†s private property to build roads or buildings, they compensate the person with money roughly equal to the value of that person†s land. The problem of the government taking or restricting a citizen†s land arises with regulation of private property. John McClaughry defines regulatory taking â€Å"as a governmental confiscation or destruction of economic rights by regulation, without the physical occupation which would trigger just compensation to the owner† (McClaughry 7). The case of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council is an example of regulatory taking. In the case of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, Lucas bought two adjacent lots on the coast of the Isle of Palms in South Carolina, only to have the land restricted by the state, which prevented his intended use of the lots. Lucas argued that the state†s restriction of the land constituted taking without just compensation. The South Carolina Court of Common Pleas agreed with Lucas and awarded him $1,232,387. 50. The Supreme Court of South Carolina disagreed with the lower court, and saying that the restrictions were designed to prevent serious public harm so no compensation was necessary, even if it did affect the property†s value. Lucas appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States decided on Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council in June of 1992. This was four years after the Beachfront Management Act, which prohibited construction on Lucas† lots, was enacted in 1988. An amendment was made to the Act in 1990 that would allow construction in special situations. Lucas could possibly appeal to the Council and receive a permit to build on his lots at the time of the Supreme Court hearings. Lucas argued that the deprivation of use of his land from 1988-1990 amounted to a taking. The Supreme Court decided to grant certiorari. According to Locke, the government†s purpose is to protect and enforce people†s natural rights. One of the natural rights, according to Locke, is life. The coastal area of the Isle of Palms that Lucas† lots were on has been plagued with floods. Justice Blackmun stated that the land was â€Å"under water† from 1957 until 1963. In addition, between 1981 and 1983, â€Å"the Isle of Palms issued twelve emergency orders for sandbagging to protect property† (Blackmun 2). The state of South Carolina saw Lucas† property as unsafe. â€Å"Long ago it was recognized that all property in this country is held under the implied obligation that the owner†s use of it shall not be injurious to the community, and the Takings Clause did not transform that principle to one that requires compensations whenever the State asserts its power to enforce it† (Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass. 491-492). The state†s prevention of building on the site in question would not only foreseeably save the beach from erosion,! insurance and federal aid money, but possibly lives. The Supreme Court ruled in this case that when all value has been taken from property that the owner must receive compensation for it. The question still stands as to whether the state caused the land to become valueless by restricting the building upon it. Justice Blackmun argued, â€Å"†¦ yet the trial court, apparently believing that ‘less value† and ‘valueless† could be used interchangeably, found the property ‘valueless†Ã¢â‚¬  (Blackmun 5). He goes on to propose that the land still held value because Lucas could enjoy it in other ways, such as camping, swimming, picnicking, or placing a mobile home on it. The value of the property often lies in the eye of the beholder. In Colorado, a piece of legislation is being proposed that might become a model for other states where property rights are concerned. The Private Property Protection Act would allow â€Å"a landowner to seek compensation when a regulation takes away more than fifty percent of the land†s value† (McClaughry 4). This act hopes † to establish a standard for the most serious regulatory takings and to afford a method of relief for a landowner whose rights have been taken† according to McClaughry (McClaughry 8). In 1997, Senator Hatch (R-UT) introduced a piece of legislation called the Citizen†s Access to Justice Act. This Act would â€Å"reduce delay and expense of litigation by clearly defining when a property owner†s claim is ripe† for adjudication (Annett 2). This piece of legislation would help speed the process that is so costly for property owners. The Private Property Rights Implementation Act was passed in October of 1997. This Act helps owners pass their first hurdle by allowing them to have the merits of their case heard in federal court. The Tucker Act Shuffle Relief Act, also passed in October of 1997, helps citizens pass the second hurdle by â€Å"resolving the jurisdictional question for federal courts† (Annett 3). Even though the Supreme Court†s ruling in Lucas looked promising for property rights advocates, it turned out not to be such a big win after all. Justice Scalia limited the application of the ruling to total takings, excluding partial takings. The distinction between total and partial takings â€Å"is arbitrary and inconsistent with the purposes of the Takings Clause† (Butler 3). It is possible that one landowner could lose more money on a piece of property that is only partially taken and not receive compensation for it, when another landowner could be compensated for a piece of land that is not wholly worth as much as the other owner†s partial piece. The Supreme Court†s partial versus total taking has made a big impact upon lower court judges however. The lower courts are using the decision as a standard by which to judge regulatory property rights cases across the board. Many defendants are attempting to use the ruling, to fight prohibited construction on their land, where it is not applicable. Defendants â€Å"cannot claim their land is valueless simply because they might have developed it in the future† (Butler 5). The other relevant part of the Lucas decision is that â€Å"if the activity was previously permitted under relevant property and nuisance principles, then the prohibition of the activity would be a total regulatory taking that must be compensated† (Butler 6). Justice Blackmun ponders whether the government is going to be able to continue if it must weigh the possibility of compensation when making laws outlawing serious dangers to society. However, if all economically beneficial uses are not destroyed by the regulation, then it does not matter whether or not the activity was previously permitted. Another case of regulatory property taking that is still on the state level is the expansion of the Minneapolis-St. Paul Regional Airport. With the expansion of the airport, increased air traffic would be flying over the nearby Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge. In compensation for the affects on the habitat, â€Å"†¦ the Fish and Wildlife Service is going to be paid over $20 million† (Young 1). However, the money is going to come from fees and charges placed on people using the airport. When someone from the private sector causes detriment to federal lands they must compensate the government for the lost lands. The end of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council remains to be told. The South Carolina Supreme Court ordered the state of South Carolina to purchase the two lots in question from David Lucas. The state then put the two lots on the market as residential sites. Perhaps the â€Å"courts should look beyond the public-interest rhetoric and examine the validity of the alleged public purpose† (Butler 7). This is the other side of regulatory takings. If the states are required to pay property owners millions of dollars for the land in question, are they going to be able to uphold the Acts and legislation that got them there? Locke†s natural rights seem to conflict over the regulatory taking of private property. The natural right to life appears to have precedent over the natural right to property according to the government†s actions in dealing with regulatory takings. The government says that the taking of the land is in the best interest of society, but rights of the individu! al are being overlooked. When the taking is free to the government, it appears to be a good plan of action for them. When the government must pay for their land, they weigh the pros and cons of their decisions a little more heavily. The Lucas case is full of precedents, good and bad, for both sides of the issue of regulatory takings.

Exercise Research Paper Essay

Exercise is a very important part of a person’s lifestyle. It effects vary from your physical appearance, your body type, to your relationship with nutrition, your cholesterol, hypertension, heart diseases, and your immune system. The type of exercise that is done affects what part of your body that you exercise, and the duration as well as if it is done in the correct sequence varies the results. In the human body there are three muscle groups. The smooth muscle covers organs such as the spleen, liver, etc. The cardiac muscles are the muscles within your heart. The skeletal muscles are the muscles that allow for movement. There are many different exercises that can be done, each one working out something different in the body. All exercises should be comprised of a warm up period, a comprehensive exercise period (main workout), and a cool down period. The warm up should consist of 5-10 minutes of a mixture of stretching and low cardio exercise. For the comprehensive exercise period there should be about an hour of more intense cardio followed by if wanted a 30 minute weight training period. Finally there should be a 5-10 minute cool down period consisting of light cardio followed by stretching. The length of your exercise routine creates the type of workout you receive. A longer work makes you tired, when you are tired your muscles have to work harder and that is when you truly get your workout. There are three body types that humans are classified into. Ectomorph, Mesomorph, and Endomorphs. Each body type is different in structure. Ectomorphs tend to have narrow shoulders, thin narrow faces with high foreheads, thin narrow chests and abdomens, thin arms and legs, and little body fat. Mesomorphs have large heads, broad shoulders, narrow waists, tending to have muscular bodies with strong forearms and thighs. They have very little body fat, and are genetically gifted tending to become body builders. They have long torsos, full chest, and a good shoulder to waist ratio. Endomorphs have wide hips and narrow shoulders (pear shaped), have quite a lot of fat across the body and have slim ankles and wrists. They tend to have a slower metabolism, and weight gain is easy compared to weight loss. They have wide bone structure and tend to store fat that covers muscles. There are many different important aspects that must be paired with exercise to create a better quality of life. One very important aspect is nutrition. The way you eat affects your exercise. If you eat properly you will have more energy to exercise. There also is an important relationship between exercise and your cholesterol. Exercise tends to lower LDL cholesterol, which is your bad cholesterol. It also increases your HDL cholesterol, which is your good cholesterol. Exercise also has a positive relationship with hypertension. Hypertension, or your blood pressure, is lowered by exercise. Exercise also affects your risk at developing heart disease. The more you exercise the less chance of you developing heart disease. Lastly exercise helps to strengthen your immune system, allowing for your body to fight off infections. All in all exercise is a very important part of a person’s lifestyle. When paired with the correct nutrition it can lead very positive effects. It is important to remember that you can change everything about yourself with exercise; it just takes a lot of hard work before you reap in the benefits.

Identify Market Oppurtunities Task 2 Essay

Executive Summary : BBQfun was established in 2009 by current CEO, Pat Mifsud. BBQfun offers an extensive product range, incorporating both local and imported goods. Since 2010, the increasingly competitive retail environment, technological change, changes in consumer buying patterns and consumer confidence has led to disappointing sales. However, BBQfun intends to return to healthy sales of $11 million in 2012 through building on its organisational strengths, through targeted marketing strategies aimed at key segments and through exploiting marketing opportunities. Currently, BBQfun operates two stores, one in Brisbane (Kenmore), and one on the Gold Coast. BBQfun is seeking business and marketing opportunities that could lead to interstate or national expansion if viable and scalable. Mission ââ€"  To provide our customers with great value outdoor lifestyle products and second-to-none customer service. Vision ââ€"  To be, within five years, south east Queensland’s leading outdoor lifestyle retailer. Values ââ€"  Quality ââ€"  Customer value ââ€"  People: Active encouragement of safety, teamwork, diversity, excellence, innovation and continuous improvement. Strategic directions The strategic context in which BBQfun will achieve its mission and vision is through: ââ€"  engaging with customers through promotion and market research ââ€"  building reputation for quality products and quality customer service ââ€"  supporting people to perform via training and performance management ââ€"  controlling costs. ââ€"  increasing sales revenue and profitability. Analysis Analyse 3 Opportunities and which of these fit with organisational goal Objectives | Opportunities | Engaging with customers through promotion & market research. | E-commerce | Reduce direct & indirect cost of the operations. | Own brand, Bargain market | Building reputation for quality products and quality customer service | E-commerce | New marketing opportunities impact | Own brand | E-commerce | Bargain market | Sales volume (units) | BBQ: 7200 | BBQ: 12600 | BBQ: 10000 | Sales volume (units) | Furniture: 3120 | Furniture: 5040 | Furniture: 5000 | Sales volume (units) | Accessories: 40320 | Accessories: 63360 | Accessories: 52500 | | Own brand | E-commerce | Bargain market | Price | BBQ: $600 | BBQ: $620 | BBQ: $500 | Price | Furniture: $850 | Furniture: $880 | Furniture: $650 | Price | Accessories: $50 | Accessories: $55 | Accessories: $40 | Unit contribution margin | BBQ: $500 | BBQ: $300 | BBQ: $200 | Unit contribution margin | Furniture: $600 | Furniture: $420 | Furniture: $220 | Unit contribution margin | Accessories: $40 | Accessories: $20 | Accessories: $10 | Total revenue | 8988000 | 15732000 | 10350000 | Total gross profit 2012/13 | 7084800 | 164000 | 3625000 | Additional fixed costs | Add lease $1000000 Add labour $500000 Add plant (depreciation): $500000 | Add training: $50000 Add online store development: $100000 Add new plant and equipment (depreciation): $150000 Add labour: $250000 Add reconfiguartion of warehouse/office: $50000 | See approved budget (no change in fixed costs) | Total net profit 2012/13 | 200086 | 1679286 | 1259714 | External factors Before implementing 3 new changes what are the legislation and standards need to be analysed Import & Export standards for both the countries Legislation regarding taxes maybe different in both countries Expensive labour cost Risk analysis Risk | Impact | Likelihood | Mitigation | Web server down | High | Likely | Back up server, Back up of data | Failure to adequately train employees | High | Unlikely | Adherence to performance management policy, Time to time training sessions | Not having confidence in Own brand | High | Unlikely | Serious marketing, Customer awareness programs, 24/7 customer service | Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) Action | Cost | Benefit | Risk | F or MF or NF | Own brand | $6884714 | More profit | Not having confidence in Own brand | F | E-commerce | $5484714 | Less Cost | Web server down | F | Bargain market | $4884714 | More business | Failure to adequately train employees | MF | Return on investment Return on investment (Income-Cost) Cost Own Brand: $8988000 – $6884714 / $6884714 = 0.3055 E-commerce: $15732000 – $5484714 / $5484714 = 1.868 Bargain market: $10350000 – $4884714 / $4884714 = 1.118 Rank new opportunities Rank 3 opportunities based on its benefit. Rank One – Own Brand Rank two – E-Commerce Rank Three – Bargain Market Cost & Resources Brief cost & resources required to implement each new oppurtunity. Resources | Costs | | Additional staff | $25000 year average | Additional staff costs: $250000 | Plant & equipment depriciation | Delivery trucks ($20000 each) Forklifts ($10000 each) | Plant & equipment costs :- $120000 & $30000 | Promotional Costs | $500000 | Website developers | Contractors ($2000/ a day) | Website development cost: $100000 | Staff training | $ Online customer service training $3000 per staff member | Staff training cost $24000 | Management change leadership training for store managers and team leaders | $3000 each | Management & leadership costs: $42000 | Warehouse and office reconfiguration | Re-configuration cost :- $50000 | Total | $6016000 |

Principles and Theories of ethics Essay

In their quest to seek for solutions on ethical issues, human beings have constantly been formulating theories. These theories form an important point from where any investigation should be launched. As people invent new ideas or even improve on the current existing ideas, more challenges and complications come up. This has been observed in the modern world where scientific advancement has seemed to dominate in every field of knowledge. Among these fields of scientific inventions is the medical field which many people have believed to reduce the mortality rate and at the same time increased the life expectancy among many people in the world. Despite all these, fertility rate has seemed to reduce among the people while the terminal illnesses have been rapidly increasing. It is this reason that many doctors and medical practitioners have joined hands to look for long lasting solutions to these problems. Some of these solutions have been unearthed, which include the use of stem cells in treating patients with these problems. This has however raised many questions especially on issues concerning ethical justifications. This paper therefore examines two of such works that were carried out by Dr Shroff and Dr. Kerkis as reported in articles entitled ‘mice have been used to make human sperm’ and ‘Stem cell treatment lets Aussie breathe’ respectively. (http://www. news. com. au/perthnow/story/0,21598,23768047-5012754,00. html ; http://search. news. com. au/search? us=ndmperthnow&sid=5012760&as=NEWS. WORLD. CANDSAMERICA&ac=TST&q=Mice%20to%20replace%20men%20as%20sperm%20donors ) According to Rainbow C, there exist four principles of ethics. These include; least harm, justice beneficence and respect for autonomy. According to the principle to the principle of least harm, it is prudent to make a choice that will harm the least number of people. The choice made should also result to the least harm to the people involved. In the modern world, there are so many men who are willing to have children but unable because their sperms are not viable. According to the research, there is still hope for couples who experience such problems. The use of mice in production of human sperms therefore adheres to the principle of least harm and thus justices the use of mice in production of viable human sperms. The extraction of the dental pulp from teeth is however harmful but there harm is less as compared to the inability of a man to produce viable sperms. (http://www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/Indep/carainbow/Theories. htm ) The principle of justice on the other hand encourages actions that are fair to the concerned. Such a decision should be consistent and based on logic unless justified otherwise by existence of justified extenuating circumstances. In the case of mice and human sperm cells production, it should be noted that the men are first given the opportunity to try their best to get children in the natural way. Professional medical practitioners who exploit any other alternative of dealing with such a situation confirm their inability. The couples are finally given the chance to choose what is good for them and thus the use of mice is only for those who are willing. This therefore adheres to the principle of justice. Dr Kerkis has also made it clear that she first used stem cells from dental pulp that was extracted from ‘a male donor’. It therefore means that the process is justified by the adhearing to the principle of justice since the consent of the concerned was first sought. (http://www. lancs. ac. uk/fss/resources/ethics/theories. htm ; http://www. trinity. edu/cbrown/intro/ethical_theories. html) According to beneficence principle, people must do all that is seen to be good. Just like the utility principle, it is always advisable to maximize what is good and minimize the evil. It is very true to say that the greater the amounts of good that people do, the more the benefits. According to this principle, production of viable human sperm cells by mice will do well to those who are unable. Apart from improving the psychological health of the concerned, it will also strengthen family bonds that may otherwise be weakened by the inability to get children especially in those communities where children are highly valued as an important ingredient in a happy marriage. (http://www. trinity. edu/cbrown/intro/ethical_theories. html ) According to the principle of respect for autonomy, it is very important to ‘allow people to reign over themselves and to be able to make decisions that apply to their lives ’. This is based on the fact that only an individual can understand why he/she chooses a particular lifestyle. Since every human being must be respected, any decision, especially that which involves intimate issues, must come from him. In order to do so, he must get enough information in the consequences and finally, his consent must be obtained. The reason is because every human being has hisher emotions and motivations that heshe understands from hisher own life experiences. It is the right for every person to lead a life style that he she actually enjoys in which the control over it is vested in hisher decision. It is however important to realize that there exists two perspectives of autonomy respects; paternalists and libertarians views. According to paternalistics, ‘an authority prioritizes a dependent person’s best interests over the dependent person’s wishes’. In the case of mice and human sperms, since the man is aware of his inability to produce viable sperms even though he may wish to have children, he has the freedom to choose to live without them. If he decides so and realizes more satisfaction without the children than using mice to produce viable sperms, he becomes libertarian. When his wife and medical practitioner convinces him to use mice to get children, the principle of autonomy is violated and he becomes a paternalistic since his wish may not be based on the use of mice in producing the viable sperms even though his interest is to get children. Libertarian perspective is therefore observed when the person’s wish is prioritized over hisher best interest. The person maintains hisher autonomy over hisher decision. (Allan J. Kimmel, 1988, pp. 42) In the case of stem cells treatment for the paralyzed man is Australia, the principle of least harm is violated since the extraction of the embryonic stem cells will cost the life of the unborn child irregardless of whether the concerned woman’s consent was given or not. Human life ideally begins after fertilization and it is wrong to deprive the unborn of its right to live in favor of a person who has already had the chance to be born. If such actions were to be encouraged, many people will never live to be born and this will cause more harm than treating the paralyzed people especially if Dr Shroff’s vision is to be realized as expressed by her hopes â€Å"her technology would be made available around the world to patients suffering from incurable diseases and terminal conditions. † Dr Shroff’s technology also contradicts the principle of justice. The fact that there are many incurable diseases and terminal conditions that may be cured using embryonic stem cells does not justify the act of depriving the unborn the right to life. It will therefore be an act of injustice to deprive the unborn of their right to life. The only extenuating circumstance should be when the woman’s pregnancy threatens the life of both the unborn and its mother. The doctor’s advice should be sought and any alternative exploited before the decision to terminate the pregnancy and donate the embryonic stem cells is arrived. It should be realized however that this would result to paternalistic autonomy. Dr Shroff’s technology will also violate the principle of beneficence. This is because the embryo will not benefit in any way from the act of donating its stem cells. The embryo itself cannot give permission to donate the stem cells. The principle of autonomy is not spared either. The patient may enjoy a paternalistic autonomy but the embryo, which is indeed a human being does not have autonomy to decide on whether to donate the stem cells or not . For a person to make any sound decision on any issue, the principles however form the basis of ethical themes. According to rainbow C, there are five major ethical theories. These include virtual ethical theory, deontological theory, casuist theory and utilitarianism ethical theory. (http://www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/Indep/carainbow/Theories. htm ) According to virtual ethical theory, a person is not judged through his/her actions but through his/her character. An action may not necessary indicate a persons normal behavior since behavior and action are normally conflicting. It is however important to observe an individual’s reputation, motivation and morals while making any judgment on any behavior that may seem to be unusual, irregular or unethical. It should however be observed that any individuals change of character is not put into consideration in this theory. This theory justifies the use of embryonic stem cells in the treatment of paralyzed patients. The assumption is that the doctors and the medical practitioners who actually carry out the process of extracting and injecting the stem cells into his/her victims body are people who are trusted and socially approved by the members of the community. Their character justifies their actions and thus they should not be questioned about what they do as long as a patient’s life is saved. The act of extracting the embryonic stem cells cannot be used to prove the doctor as guilty of murder as long as his/her record of accomplishment in this profession of medicine is clean. According to Rainbow C, the society’s rights are ethically correct and must be protected and prioritized while making any decision. All societies’ rights are ethically valid because the majority in any society endorses them. Those who have the power and resources may bestow rights upon people. The society is therefore responsible for deciding on what should be considered as a society is right. The issue of mice producing viable human sperm cells may not be welcomed by many societies. This is because many people do not think that human beings and animals especially the mice can share sperm cells. A child produced by such sperms may be isolated from the other people and this may cause more suffering and harm to it than good. Termination of human life is also unacceptable in the society. This is evident in countries where Christianity is the dominant religion. If the use of contraceptives is criminalized in such societies, it is even worse to extract embryonic stem cells to treat paralyzed people or even those with terminal illnesses. In such societies, everybody has the right to live and those people who are already born should seek medication incase of any ailment but not to destroy a life in order to save themselves. (http://www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/Indep/carainbow/Theories. htm ) According to deontological theory, people’s obligation and duties that have been assigned to them should guide them in the process of solving ethical dilemmas. By so doing, the person is believed to have done what was ethically correct. Doctors should help sick people. In this case, sickness refers to any abnormal functioning or dysfunctional of any body organ. Those people who cannot produce viable sperm cells should seek medical attention and the doctors have a duty and obligation to ensure that such people can get children. The theory therefore justifies Dr Kerkis and Dr Shroff’s actions. It is a doctor’s obligation to ensure that all incurable diseases and terminal conditions are adequately dealt with. The casuist ethical theory is based on the assumption that the current dilemma in question can be successfully solved in a similar way to previously solved dilemmas. This theory therefore compares the current ethical problem with past and similar ethical dilemmas that were successfully solved. It therefore justifies Dr Kerkis and Dr Shroff’s actions since their previous works as medical practitioners have been reported to bare good fruits. It however fails to acknowledge that a similar ethical dilemma may not have been witnessed before. (http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/505222_2 ; http://www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/Indep/carainbow/Theories. htm ) The utilitarianism ethical theory supports any choice that produces the most benefit to most people. Such a choice is seen to be ethically correct. This theory therefore foresees the outcome of an act and judges it based on the benefits that are likely to accrue. There are two types of utilitarianism. These include act utilitarian and rule utilitarianism. According to rainbow c, â€Å" In act utilitarianism, a person performs the acts that benefit the most people, regardless of personal feelings or the societal constraints such as laws. Rule utilitarianism, however, takes into account the law and is concerned with fairness. A rule utilitarian seeks to benefit the most people but through the fairest and most just means available. Therefore, added benefits of rule utilitarianism are that it values justice and includes beneficence at the same time† (http://www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/Indep/carainbow/Theories. htm ) Two or more of these ethical theories should be combined in order to make the best ethical decision. For instance, I would solve Dr Kerkis dilemma by applying utilitarianism ethical theory, rights ethical theory and casuist ethical theory. I would also solve Dr Shroff’s ethical dilemma by applying rights ethical theory, utilitarianism ethical theory and virtue ethical theory. (http://courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs3604/lib/Ethics/notes. html ) Conclusion All the ethical theories have common goals that must be achieved for them to be successful. These common goals are the previously discussed ethical principles. It is important to realize that different points are emphasized by the theories that help people to arrive at a decision that is ethically correct. Different people usually use ethical theories in a different way depending on their individual experiences. The theories and principles of ethics lay a good foundation of analyzing actions since they guide people in making ethical decisions. This means that whether Dr Kerkis and/or Dr Shroff are justified or not to proceed with their work or not depends on which principle as well as the ethical theory an individual bases his /her ethical analysis. References Rainbow C, Descriptions of Ethical Theories and Principles, [Retrieved] 8th August, 2008, [From] http://www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/Indep/carainbow/Theories. htm Lancaster University, Ethical theories [Retrieved] 4th August, 2008. [From] http://www. lancs. ac. uk/fss/resources/ethics/theories. htm Ethical theories compared http://www. trinity. edu/cbrown/intro/ethical_theories. html relations between utilitarian, deontological, and Aristotelian ethical theories Lawrence M. Hinman, Introduction: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory Excerpted from: Lawrence M. Hinman, Contemporary Moral Issues, 2nd ed. (Prentice-Hall, 1999). Ethical theories [Retrieved] 1st August 2008, [From] http://courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs3604/lib/Ethics/notes. html Ethical Theories, Principles, and Decision-Making Models, [Retrieved] 3rd August, 2008 [From] http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/505222_2 Allan J. Kimmel, 1988, Ethics and Values in Applied Social Research: Ethics and Values in Applied Social Research, SAGE. Stem cell treatment lets Aussie breathe http://www. news. com. au/perthnow/story/0,21598,23768047-5012754,00. html Perth now Sunday times, July 7th, Mice to replace men as sperm donors http://search. news. com. au/search? us=ndmperthnow&sid=5012760&as=NEWS. WORLD. CANDSAMERICA&ac=TST&q=Mice%20to%20replace%20men%20as%20sperm%20donors

Digital Dating: Desperation or Necessity?

In this essay I will examine the articles, Digital Dating: Desperation or Necessity? Written by Christine Hassler, a former Hollywood Agent, and the author of the book called Twenty-Something, Twenty-Everything. This article talks about social networks, their impact on both of our social and love life. It tries to convince us to try to experience all the benefits that online dating provides us. Technology has implemented itself in almost every aspect of our daily lives, and the new big thing we have currently is the rave of online dating. Computers are day in day out coming out with new dating websites, and people are buying into the whole idea of it being a last resort and only option left. Of course it is so much easier to sit on a computer and explain detailed information about yourself and come up with matches or results, but where was this decades ago when there was no such thing as the internet. Before computers this means that men and women actually had to go out in public and communicate back and forth to find their life partners. Nonetheless, I don’t consider the online dating strategy to be an effective or good idea in the first place because there are too many problems and negative effects that can come from it more so than positive ones. I think people should be very careful. Meeting strangers face to face in social situations is good so long as you size them up, look at their body language and how they interact with others. See their friends as this will tell you a lot about them. Before considering them a romantic possibility it is better to get to know them first as friends and find out what they are really like.

Argument Paper - President Obama's Nobel Peace Prize Essay

Argument Paper - President Obama's Nobel Peace Prize - Essay Example The news media has variously spoken in favor of the prize and against it, and ordinary citizens are equally divided. There is little question, however: Barack Obama does not deserve the Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Peace Prize, as Alfred Nobel envisioned it, is awarded to â€Å"champions of peace† who genuinely contribute to bringing peace to the world (â€Å"A fitting prize† para. 6). During his acceptance speech, Obama commented, â€Å"Throughout history, the Nobel Peace Prize has not just been used to honor specific achievement; it’s also been used as a means to give momentum to a set of causes† (Schneider para. 7). In other words, Obama himself is apologizing to those who do not think he deserves the prize, saying that he has momentum even if it appears he’s not going anywhere. This is a gracious way to accept this prestigious prize, but might indicate that Obama himself is questioning the motivations of the Nobel Committee, just as detractors have in the press and on the news. One of these detractors has even gone so far as to state, â€Å"Anyone saying the Peace Prize Committee does not have a political agenda needs to consider the timing and nature of these choices more carefully† (Reid-Henry para. 2). The Prize committee’s timing was cut a little close: the nomination was made two weeks after Obama’s inauguration. Not only had Obama had no time to accomplish any of his lofty goals at the time of the award, he had barely put his toothbrush in the White House medicine cabinet at the time of his nomination. As a political slap in the face to the previous administration, the Nobel Committee’s message could not be more clear. The committee is indeed investing its â€Å"extraordinary faith, a belief even, in the powers of politicians to lead and to thereby solve the ills of the world† (Reid-Henry para. 7). The Peace Prize Committee may believe that

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 41

Assignment Example The correct sentence is: â€Å"Are Dan’s children’s teachers’ using this book to its full potential?† 12. Page 431 of our handbook says that pronouns referring to indefinite pronouns should be accurate in number. In the sentence, everyone and no one are singular indefinite pronouns, so the pronouns referring to them should be singular. The correct sentence is: â€Å"Everyone should leave his or her books on my desk, but no one should leave his or her pencils on my desk.† 13. Page 475 of our handbook says that commas are before coordinating conjunctions. The commas are not used correctly in the sentence, and the correct sentence is, â€Å"We went to the game and had a good time, but my brother, a student at MSU, fell out of the stands.† 16. Page 481 of our handbook says that semi-colons are used to separate items in a series that might be confusing if commas alone were used. The correct sentence is, â€Å"I plan to visit Detroit, Michigan; Chicago, Illinois; Toledo, Ohio and Springfield, Missouri. 17. Page 511 of our handbook says that appropriate common abbreviations should be used, but some terms should be spelled out. The correct sentence is, â€Å"Mr. Smith is from Michigan. He lives on Maple Boulevard. He is not in his office any Tuesday in

Service Ops Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Service Ops Management - Essay Example According to industry sales data, compiled by the International Sleep Products Association (ISPA), a bedding industry trade group, approximately 700 manufacturers of mattresses and box springs make up the domestic conventional bedding industry. They generate wholesale revenues estimated at approximately $4.7 billion during calendar year, 2002. The market for conventional bedding represents more than 85% of the entire bedding market in North America. Approximately two-thirds of conventional bedding is sold through furniture stores and specialty sleep shops. Most of the remaining conventional bedding is sold through department stores, mass merchandisers, and membership clubs. Sealy has the largest market share and greatest consumer awareness of any bedding brand in North America. It is believed to be the largest manufacturer of bedding in the world. Sealy employs more than 6000 individuals, has 34 plants, and sells its products in over 7,000 retail outlets in the United States, including furniture stores, leading department stores, sleep shops, and mass merchandisers. Sealy is also a leading supplier to the hospitality industry. Sealy Asia Limited is the regional office of Sealy Corporation, a bed sets manufacturer established in Hong Kong in 2001. It is one of the major mattress manufacturers in the world, and it would like to explore the Asian market in the forthcoming years. Sealy’s vision is to be first, best, most and continuously the most improved player in the Hong Kong market. In sum, we want to have our customers view Sealy as first in product quality and service, as best at meeting their needs, and as the resource that offers the most in every facet of our business relationship. We have a healthy dose of self-criticism, so we are driven by an honest and a critical self-assessment in our quest for improvement in all aspects of

PROPOSE A SOLUTION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PROPOSE A SOLUTION - Research Paper Example However, in light of this, humans form part of the world and are, therefore, included in the legal system governing Mother Nature. For this reason, the rights of the earth are followed for the nature, but not for the benefits and value that nature and the laws have towards humans. This means that representations of the legal rights of the earth are determined by the value that nature bears independently, and without influence from the interests of humans. In addition, all aspects of nature that fall in the sphere of moral concern and moral relevance bear a considerable amount of influence on decisions made about the environment. For this reason, they are crucial for ethics that are affiliated to the environment concerning the care that all humans should give to it. This is in addition to legal action and frameworks affiliated with the environment in cases of violation of requirements put in place to safeguard the environment and all its affiliated aspects in relation to sustenance of life (Philos 316). It is for the legal status of the environment that ethics are observed to the point of passing legislation on a global scale aimed at protecting the interests of nature and its constituent parts as are similarly held for humans. This translates to individual legal representation of the earth’s interests that are similar to the universal declaration of human rights. The other aspect of environmental aspect is the religious angle affiliated to it in regard to the problems that the environment faces according to the guilt associated with it due to a number of substantial reasons. These include the destructive alliance formed by science, technology, and democracy, which have seen the destruction of the earth (environment) in the name of development. The Christian religion in the west has pioneered the destruction through cosmology, where man views himself as a separate entity from nature. In turn, this has led to the domination of the earth by man in a quest t o attain their destiny (Jenkins 284). In relation to the aspect of religion and environmental ethics, man takes himself as taking precedence over nature due to their perceived differences, which is an aspect that is condemned by some religions and especially Buddhism and the philosophies for which it stands. Buddhism, concerning environmental ethics, stands for the belief that since the world will decline it is crucial to safeguard it. It does this by showing its followers how important the different aspects of nature are to the existence of humanity thus addresses issues of ecology and the environment (Keown 97). This also occurs through the cosmic beliefs based on tradition. For this reason, Buddhism’s ethics area call for prudential measures to conserve the environment for harmonious coexistence and support life, which makes it a moral obligation to look after the environment as is the case with the universal declaration of the rights of mother earth. However, religion as a whole does not support its ethics sufficiently due to the constant conflict between issues of technology, science, and religious beliefs. Climate and resource management is also an ethical issue that affects the environment on multiple scales. This is concerning the challenges that policymakers, scientist and researchers are faced with in creating solutions to overcome environmental problems. In addition, they grapple with issues of